Basic structure of horizontal band saw machine

Basic structure of horizontal band saw machine

Horizontal band saw machine is a kind of high-efficiency cutting equipment widely used in wood processing, metal processing and other fields. Its unique structural design makes it excel in cutting accuracy, efficiency and stability, and is favored by global wholesale buyers.

1. Definition and application of horizontal band saw machine

Horizontal band saw machine is a kind of equipment that cuts by band saw blade. Its saw frame is horizontal or inclined, and can complete various straight and curved cutting tasks. It is widely used in wood processing, metal processing, architectural decoration, furniture manufacturing and other fields, especially suitable for high-precision cutting of large workpieces.

2. Basic structure of horizontal band saw machine
The structure of horizontal band saw machine is complex and precise, mainly including the following key parts:

(I) Bed
The bed is the basic component of horizontal band saw machine, which is used to support other components and maintain its stability. It is usually made of high-quality cast iron or cast steel, with high strength and stability. The design of the bed directly affects the processing accuracy and service life of the equipment.

(II) Saw wheel
The saw wheel is one of the core components of the band saw machine, which is divided into upper saw wheel and lower saw wheel. The lower saw wheel is the active wheel, which is driven by the motor to drive the band saw blade to move; the upper saw wheel is the driven wheel, which is used to tension the band saw blade and adjust its tightness. The diameter and width of the saw wheel will vary according to the specifications and purpose of the equipment.
(III) Band saw blade
The band saw blade is the cutting tool of the horizontal band saw machine, and its quality directly affects the cutting effect. The band saw blade is usually made of high-strength steel with good toughness and wear resistance. Depending on the processing material, the tooth shape and tooth pitch of the band saw blade will also vary.
(IV) Guide device
The guide device is used to guide the movement of the band saw blade to prevent it from deflecting or twisting during the cutting process. It is usually installed on both sides of the saw wheel and the adjustment device is used to maintain the stable operation of the band saw blade.
(V) Tensioning device
The tensioning device is used to adjust the tension of the band saw blade to ensure that it maintains appropriate tension during operation. Common tensioning devices include spring type, hydraulic type and pneumatic type.
(VI) Workbench
The workbench is used to place the workpiece to be processed, and its surface is usually specially treated to improve its wear resistance and stability. The workbench can be tilted or moved as needed to meet different cutting requirements.
(VII) Clamping device
The clamping device is used to fix the workpiece to ensure that it does not move during the cutting process. Common clamping methods include hydraulic clamping, pneumatic clamping and manual clamping.
(VIII) Transmission system
The transmission system transmits the power of the motor to the saw wheel to drive the movement of the band saw blade. It usually includes components such as pulleys, gears and chains.
(IX) Electrical control system
The electrical control system is used to control the operating status of the horizontal band saw machine, including the start, stop and speed adjustment of the motor. Modern horizontal band saw machines are usually equipped with advanced CNC systems that can realize automated cutting.
(X) Hydraulic system
The hydraulic system is used to drive the operation of components such as clamping devices, workbench movement and tensioning devices. It realizes various actions through components such as hydraulic pumps, hydraulic cylinders and control valves.

3. Types of horizontal band saws
According to different classification standards, horizontal band saws can be divided into many types:
(I) Classification by structural form
Scissor-type horizontal band saw: Its structure is similar to scissors, and the saw frame feeds vertically around the pivot. The advantage is that the saw blade can change the running angle under the minimum external force, ensure the accuracy of the workpiece cutting surface, extend the life of the saw blade, and relatively simple to replace the saw blade, which is suitable for processing workpieces with smaller diameters. The disadvantage is that it is limited by the material size, and the sawing effect and stability for larger materials are poor.
Column-type horizontal band saw: It includes single-column and double-column forms. The single-column horizontal band saw has a simpler structure and slightly worse stability. It is usually suitable for sawing round bars; the two columns of the double-column horizontal band saw work together to improve the stability of the band saw bed, which is suitable for occasions with high requirements for sawing stability.
Rotary horizontal band saw: It has a rotation and angle positioning locking device. The bed, saw frame or workbench can rotate a certain angle around the fixed axis to achieve bevel sawing. It is often used in processing scenarios where materials need to be sawed at a specific angle.
(II) Classification by degree of automation
Manual horizontal band saw machine: The operator needs to manually complete the clamping, feeding and cutting of the workpiece, which is suitable for small-batch production.
Semi-automatic horizontal band saw machine: Some operation processes are automated, such as automatic clamping, automatic feeding, etc., which improves production efficiency.
Fully automatic horizontal band saw machine: The entire cutting process is fully automated, including automatic feeding, automatic cutting, automatic unloading, etc., which is suitable for mass production.
(III) Classification by use
Wood processing horizontal band saw machine: Mainly used for cutting wood, such as log peeling, board processing, etc.
Metal processing horizontal band saw machine: Used to cut various metal materials, such as steel, aluminum, etc.
Special purpose horizontal band saw machine: Such as bone sawing band saw machine, wood sawing band saw machine, etc., used for cutting specific materials.

4. Operation and maintenance of horizontal band saw machine
(I) Operation steps
Equipment inspection: Before use, the equipment should be fully inspected, including power cord, transmission parts, saw blade, lubrication system and protective devices, etc., to ensure that the equipment is in normal condition.
Workpiece clamping: Place the workpiece to be processed on the workbench and clamp it firmly with the clamping device.
Adjust the equipment: According to the processing requirements, adjust the angle of the workbench, the tension of the saw blade and the position of the guide device.
Start the equipment: Press the start button to start the motor and start the band saw blade to move.
Start cutting: Feed the workpiece slowly so that it contacts the band saw blade and start cutting.
Complete cutting: After cutting, stop the equipment, release the workpiece clamping device, and take out the processed workpiece.